Research areas
I am an Honorary Research Fellow at the University of St Andrews, where I completed my PhD in Computer Science. My research sits at the intersection of Human--Computer Interaction, computer vision, and trustworthy AI, with a focus on gaze estimation, gaze interaction, and eye-movement analysis for interactive systems. I develop robust sensing and interaction methods for mobile and wearable devices, combining technical model development with human-centred evaluation. My long-term goal is to democratise reliable eye tracking in everyday settings and to translate gaze and multimodal behavioural sensing into practical, secure, and socially beneficial digital technologies.
Personal site: www.gazelei.dev
Selected publications
-
Investigating Bystander Privacy in Chinese Smart Home Apps
He, S., Wang, X., Lei, Y., Zhang, C., Abu-Salma, R. & Such, J., 9 Feb 2026.Research output: Working paper › Preprint
-
"These cameras are just like the Eye of Sauron": A Sociotechnical Threat Model for AI-Driven Smart Home Devices as Perceived by UK-Based Domestic Workers
He, S., Lei, Y., Zhan, X., Abu-Salma, R. & Such, J., 9 Feb 2026.Research output: Working paper › Preprint
-
Open access
Exploring the privacy and security challenges faced by migrant domestic workers in Chinese smart homes
He, S., Zhan, X., Lei, Y., Liu, Y., Abu-Salma, R. & Such, J., 25 Apr 2025, Proceedings of the 2025 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (CHI '25). Yamashita, N., Evers, V., Ding, X., Lee, B., Chetty, M. & Toups-Dugas, P. (eds.). New York: ACM, p. 1-18 18 p. 920Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
-
Exploring the Privacy and Security Challenges Faced by Migrant Domestic Workers in Chinese Smart Homes
He, S., Zhan, X., Lei, Y., Liu, Y., Abu-Salma, R. & Such, J., 2 Apr 2025.Research output: Working paper › Preprint
-
Identity deepfake threats to biometric authentication systems: public and expert perspectives
He, S., Lei, Y., Zhang, Z., Sun, Y., Li, S., Zhang, C. & Ye, J., 7 Jun 2025, arXiv, p. 1-21, 21 p.Research output: Working paper › Preprint
-
MAC-Gaze: motion-aware continual calibration for mobile gaze tracking
Lei, Y., Zhao, M., Wang, Y., He, S., Sugano, Y., Khamis, M. & Ye, J., 28 May 2025, arXiv, p. 1-24, 24 p.Research output: Working paper › Preprint
-
Open access
Privacy perspectives and practices of Chinese smart home product teams
He, S., Lei, Y., Zhan, X., Zhang, C., Ye, J., Abu-Salma, R. & Such, J., 6 Jun 2025, arXiv, p. 1-19, 19 p.Research output: Working paper › Preprint
-
PTGaze: cross-domain gaze estimation via proxy tuning
Wang, Y., Yan, R., Lei, Y. & Fu, X., 25 May 2025, Proceedings of the 2025 symposium on eye tracking research and applications (ETRA). Sugano, Y., Khamis, M., Chetouani, A., Sidenmark, L. & Bruno, A. (eds.). New York: ACM, p. 1-2 2 p. 60Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
-
Open access
Quantifying the impact of motion on 2D gaze estimation in real-world mobile interactions
Lei, Y., Wang, Y., Buchanan, F., Zhao, M., Sugano, Y., He, S., Khamis, M. & Ye, J., 14 Feb 2025, arXiv, p. 1-27, 27 p.Research output: Working paper › Preprint
-
Open access
An end-to-end review of gaze estimation and its interactive applications on handheld mobile devices
Lei, Y., He, S., Khamis, M. & Ye, J., 1 Feb 2024, In: ACM Computing Surveys. 56, 2, 38 p., 34.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review