The Life of the Mind: Key Texts in European Thought, 1512-1697

Dr David Allan  (d.allan@st-and.ac.uk)


Reading for Week 5

Classical texts: the sceptics, the mystics and the poets

Humanism continued to inspire the veneration of different kinds of classical literature, an enthusiasm which regularly produced new intellectual crazes among early modern Europeans and sometimes was the source of a discernible shift in philosophical perspective. A few of these innovations, closely related to the intensive study of ancient texts, were to be of lasting significance: Montaigne's scepticism, a profoundly modern archetype with its constant questioning of orthodoxy and assertive individualism, had its roots in the re-discovery and popularisation of specific kinds of Greek thought. Other classical works, accorded immense authority at the time but subsequently to lose all credibility, provoked much dabbling in the occult, in Hermeticism and the pursuit of magic. Meanwhile, the encounter with the less familiar corners of the classical heritage also inspired a new and increasingly sympathetic and competent engagement with the culture and civilization of the Arab world.

Set texts

  • Michel de Montaigne, Essays ['On Books', (extract); 'Apology for Raymond Sebond' (extract)]
  • Cornelius Agrippa, De occulta philosophia, [Bk 1, cap. 22 (extract)]
  • Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Heptaphus, [cap. 7 (extract)]
  • Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Conclusiones [XXVI]
  • Paracelsus, De natura rerum, [Bks I and VII (extracts)]

Other reading

  • C.B. Brush, Montaigne and Bayle: Variations on the Theme of Scepticism (1966)
  • M. Smith, Montaigne and Religious Freedom: the Dawn of Pluralism (1991)
  • D.L. Schaefer, The Political Philosophy of Montaigne (1990)
  • Richard H. Popkin, The History of Scepticism from Erasmus to Spinoza (1979)
  • Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic (1973)
  • Brian Vickers, (ed.), Occult and Scientific Mentalities in the Renaissance (1984)
  • Frances Yates, The Occult Philosophy in the Elizabethan Age (1979)
  • P.G. Maxwell-Stuart, The Occult in Early Modern Europe: A Documentary History (1999)
  • W.J. Bouwsma, 'Postel and the Significance of Renaissance Cabalism', in P.O. Kristeller, (ed.) Renaissance Essays (1968)
  • Robert M. Schuler, Alchemical Poetry, 1575-1700 (1995)
  • R.J.W. Evans, Rudolf II and His World: A Study in Intellectual History 1576-1612 (1973)
  • Frances Yates, Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition (1964)
  • G.J. Toomer, Eastern Wisedome and Learning: The Study of Arabic in Seventeenth-Century England (1996)
  • Nabil Matar, Islam in Britain 1558-1685 (1998)

Web resources


Bibliography
week 4   |   week 6