Journal Articles (>2500 citations)

Integrating neuronal coding into cognitive models. Oram, M.W. Network – Computation in Neural Systems, 16: 377-400, 2005. [PDF file - 2.5MB]

Integration of visual and auditory information by superior temporal sulcus neurons responsive to the sight of actions. Barraclough N.E., Xiao D.K., Baker C.I., Oram M.W., & Perrett D.I. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17: 377-391, 2005. [PDF file - 1.23 MB]

The temporal precision of neural signals: A unique role for response latency? Oram M.W., Xiao D-K, Dritschel B. & Payne K.R. Philos Trans R. Soc, 357: 987-1001, 2002  [PDF File - 654K]

Synchrony in motor cortical neurons provides direction information that is redunant with the information from coarse temporal response measures . Oram, M.W., Hatsopoulos, N.G, Richmond, B.J. & Donoghue, J.P. Journal of Neurophysiology , 86: 1700-1716, 2001. [PDF File - 493 KB]

Consistency of encoding in monkey visual cortex. Wiener, M.C., Oram, M.W., Lui, Z. & Richmond, B.J.  Journal of Neuroscience   21: 8210-8221, 2001. [PDF File - 800 KB]

Effect of image orientation and size on object recognition: Responses of single units in the macaque monkey temporal cortex. Ashbridge, E., Perrett, D.I., Oram, M.W. & Jellema, T. Cognitive Neuropsychology , 17:13-34, 2000. [PDF File - 498 KB]

Response features determining spike times. Richmond, B.J., Oram, M.W. & Wiener, M.C. Neural Plasticity, 6: 133-145, 1999.

I see a face - a happy face. Oram, M.W. & Richmond, B.J. Nature Neuroscience ,, 2:856-858, 1999.[PDF File - 194KB]

The stochastic nature of precisely timed spike patterns in visual system neural responses. Oram, M.W., Wiener, M.C., Lestienne, R., Richmond, B.J. Journal of Neurophysiology , 81:3021-3033, 1999. [PDF File - 535 KB]

Representations in natural and artificial systems. Konig, P., Bizzi, E., Burgess, N., Franceschini, N., Kilgard, M., Oram, M.W., Sagerer, G. & Scheier, C. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung (C), 53: 738-751, 1998. [PDF File - 50KB]

The behaviour of natural and artificial systems: Solutions to functional demands. Preissl, H., Cruse, H., Luksch, H., Malaka, R., Neumann, T., von Sengbusch, G., Warzecha, A.K., Konig, P., Oram, M., Wagner, H., Vollmer, G., Mayer-Kress, G., Egelhaaf, M., Pfeifer, R.. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung (C), 53:765-769, 1998.

Visual recognition based on temporal cortex cells: Viewer-centred processing of pattern configuration. Perrett, D.I., & Oram, M.W. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung (C),53:518-541, 1998.[PDF File -433KB ]

Evidence accumulation in cell populations responsive to faces: An account of generalisation of recognition without mental transformations. Perrett D.I., Oram M.W. & Wachsmuth E. Cognition , 67:111-145, 1998.[PDF file - 1.8MB]

The ‘ideal homunculus’: Decoding neural population signals. Oram M.W., Foldiak P., Perrett D.I. & Sengpiel F. Trends in Neurosciences , 21:259-265, 1998. [PDF File - 198 KB]

Gaze following and joint attention in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta ). Emery, N.J.. Lorincz, E.N., Perrett, D.I., Oram, M.W., Baker, C.I. Journal of Comparative Psychology , 111:286-293, 1997. [PDF file - 1.6MB]

Integration of form and motion in the anterior superior polysensory area (STPa) of the macaque monkey. Oram M.W. & Perrett D.I. Journal of Neurophysiology , 76:109-129, 1996.

Learning generalization and localization: Competition for stimulus type and receptive field. Oram M.W. & Foldiak P. NeuroComputing , 11:297-321, 1996. [PDF File - 1.4 MB]

Modelling visual recognition from neurobiological constraints. Oram M.W. & Perrett D.I. Neural Networks , 7: 945-972, 1994.

Responses of anterior superior temporal polysensory (STPa) neurones to "biological motion" stimuli. Oram M.W. & Perrett D.I. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 6:99-116, 1994. [PDF file - 1.8MB]

Recognition of objects and their component parts: Responses of single units in the temporal cortex of the macaque. Wachsmuth E., Oram M.W. & Perrett D.I.. Cerebral Cortex , 5:509-522, 1994.[PDF File - 8.2MB]

Directional tuning of motion sensitive cells in the anterior superior temporal polysensory area (STPa) of the macaque. Oram, M.W., Perrett D.I., & Hietanen J.K. Experimental Brain Research , 97:274-294, 1993.[PDF File - 2.2MB]

The neurophysiology of shape processing. Perrett D.I. & Oram M.W. Image and Vision Computing, 11:317-333, 1993.

Time course of neural responses discriminating different views of the face and head. Oram, M.W. & Perrett D.I. Journal of Neurophysiology , 68:70-84, 1992.

Organization and functions of cells responsive to faces in the temporal cortex. Perrett, D.I., Hietanen, J.K., Oram, M.W. & Benson, P.J. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 335:23-30, 1992. [PDF File - 1.8MB]

The effects of lighting conditions on responses of cells selective for face views in the macaque temporal cortex. Hietanen, J.K., Perrett, D.I., Oram, M.W., Benson, P.J. & Dittrich, W.H. Experimental Brain Research , 89:157-171, 1992 [PDF File - 2.2MB].

Viewer-centred and object centred coding of heads in the macaque temporal cortex. Perrett, D.I., Oram, M.W., Harries, M.H., Bevan, R., Hietanen, J.K., Benson, P.J. & Thomas, S. Experimental Brain Research , 86:159-173, 1991 [PDF File - 1.7MB].

Social signals analyzed at the single cell level: Someone is looking at me, something touched me, something moved! Perrett, D.I., Harries, M.H., Mistlin A.J., Hietanen, J.K., Benson, P.J., Bevan, R., Thomas, S., Oram, M.W., Ortega, J. & Brierley, K. International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 4:25-55, 1990.

Book Chapters

Cell populations in the banks of the superior temporal sulcus of the macaque and imitation. Jellema, T., Baker, C.I., Oram, M.W. & Perrett, D.I. In The Imitative Mind: Development, Evolution, and Brain Bases, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. (Meltzoff & Prinz Eds), pp 267-290, 2002.

Recognizing, understanding and reproducing action. Carey, D.P., Perrett, D.I., & Oram, M.W. In Handbook of NeuropsychologyVol 11, Elsevier Science B.B. (F. Boller & J. Grafman, Series Eds) pp 111-129, 1997.

Understanding the behaviour and ‘minds’ of others from their facial and body signals: Studies of visual processing within the temporal cortex. Perrett, D.I., Oram, M.W., Wachsmuth, E., & Emery, N.J. In Emotion, Memory and Behaviour: Studies on Human and Non-Human Primates , Taniguchi Symposia on Brain Sciences 18, Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo, Japan. (T. Nakajima & T. Ono Eds.) pp 155-167, 1995.

When is a face not a face? Perrett, D.I., Benson, P.J., Hietanen, J.K., Oram, M.W. & Dittrich, W.H. In The Artful Eye , Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K. (R. Gregory, J. Harris, P. Heard & D. Rose Eds.) pp 95-124 (1995).

Issues of representation in object vision. Perrett, D.I., Oram, M.W., Hietanen, J.K. & Benson, P.J. In The Neuropsychology of Higher Vision: Collated Tutorial Essays; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates (M. Farah & G. Ratcliff Eds.) pp 33-61, 1994.

Other Publications

Latencies and processing speed in early visual processing. van Rossum, M.C.W., van der Meer, M. & Oram, M.W. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 743.14, 2005.

Forward masking shown by neurons in temporal cortex. Xiao, D-K, Barraclough, N.E., Keysers, C., Oram, M.W. & Perrett, D.I. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 2005.

Primate superior temporal sulcus neurons integrate visual and auditory information for biological motions. Barraclough, N., Xiao, D., Oram. M.W., Perrett D.I. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 28, 2003.

The influence of stimulus contrast on response latency and response strength of neurones in the superior temporal sulcus of the macaque monkey. Xiao, D-K, Edwards, R.H., Bowman, E.M. & Oram, M.W. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 26, 2001. [PDF - 1.3MB]

Remembering to forget: Modeling inhibitory and competitive mechanisms in human memory. Oram, M.W. & MacLeod, M.D. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society , 23: 738-743, 2001 [Associated paper PDF File - 227KB]

Precisely timed spike patterns within the TE neuronal responses of a monkey performing a delayed match to sample task are consistent with chance. Oram, M.W., Lui, Z. & Richmond, B.J. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 25: 915 (369.2), 1999 [PDF - 50KB].

Variance of spike count in monkey V1 depends on mean spike count but not on stimulus set or eye movements. Richmond, B.J., Wiener, M.C. & Oram, M.W. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 25:1936 (767.27), 1999. [Associated paper Wiener et al. J Neurosci, 2001 - PDF - 800KB].

Latency is a better temporal code than principal components in V1. Wiener, M.C., Oram, M.W., & Richmond, B.J. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 25:1549 (619.12), 1999.

Response latency is related to stimulus contrast but not to response strength. Wiener, M.C., Oram, M.W., & Richmond, B.J. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 24:1258 (497.6), 1998 .

Precisely timed repeating spike patterns in the responses of V1 and LGN neurons. Richmond, B.J., Oram, M.W., Lestienne, R., Wiener, M.C., Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 24:1258 (497.7), 1998. [Associated paper - Oram et al J Neurophysiol, 1999 - PDF - 535KB]

Accurately predicting precisely replicating spike patterns in neural responses of monkey striate cortex and LGN. Oram, M.W., Lestienne, R., Wiener, M.C., Richmond, B.J. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 24:1258 (497.8), 1998. [Associated paper - Oram et al J Neurophysiol 1999 - PDF - 535KB]

Relationship of response latency and magnitude in the LGN of macaque monkey. Oram, M.W., Gawne, T.J., ; Richmond, B.J. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 23:450 (177.2), 1997. [PDF - 410KB]

Monitoring social signals arising from the face: Studies of brain cells and behaviour. Perrett D.I., Oram M.W., Lorincz E., Emery N.J. & Baker C. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 25: 62, 1997.

Neural processing of biological motion in the macaque temporal cortex. Oram M.W. & Perrett D.I. In Computational Vision Based on Neurobiology (T.B. Lawton Ed), SPIE Proceedings, 2054: 155-165, 1994.

Understanding minds and expression from facial signals: Studies at the brain cell level. Perrett D.I., Oram M.W. & Wachsmuth E. Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication Supplement, 3-5 November 1993, Tokyo Japan, 1994, p 3-12.

Neuronal representations of objects and actions. Perrett, D.I., Harries, M.H., Bevan, R.G., Thomas, S., Oram, M.W., Benson, P.J., & Hietanen, J.K. The Psychology of Representation: Biological Foundations, Canadian Psychological Association, Ontario, 31May - 2 June, 1990.

Under revision/Submitted/In preparation

Invited Talks (*=international meeting)

*Neural coding and the anticipation of complex visual stimuli. 6th Neural Coding Workshop, Marburg, Germany, 23-28 August, 2005.[PDF]

The relationship between neuronal activity and behaviour: From neuronal codes to cognitive processes and perception. Scottish post-graduate SUPPORT group, St Andrews University, June, 2005. [PDF File - 507KB]

From neural codes to cognitive processes and perception: What we need to model and why. Institute for Adaptive and Neural Computation, Edinburgh University, 26 April, 2005. [PDF File - 646KB]

From neural codes to cognitive processes and perception. Department of Biosciences, Cardiff, 11 March 2004 [PDF]

*Integrating neural codes into cognitive models. Early Cogntive vision Workshop, Isle of Skye, May-June 2004. [PDF]

From neural codes to cognitive processes: Exploring possibilities using simple models. Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, London, 24 November 2003. [PDF]

*Integrating neural codes into cognitve models. 5th International Workshop on Neural Coding, Aulla, Italy, 20-25 September, 2003.[PDF]

*The temporal precision of neural signals: A unique role for response latency?. Royal Society of London Meeting, Physiology of cognitive processes, London, 5-6 December, 2001  [ PDF File - 654KB ] [Associated paper Oram et al. Philos Trans R Soc 2002 PDF File - 654KB ] 

*Correlation at the neural and population levels. Maxwell Neural Coding Workshop, Edinburgh, 28-31 May, 2001. [ PDF File - 2.57MB ]

*Coding of attention in the temporal cortex. Maxwell Neural Coding Workshop, Edinburgh, 28-31 May, 2001. [ PDF File - 1MB ] [Associated paper Oram et al. Philos Trans R Soc 2002 PDF File - 654KB ] 

*Time scale of neural communication. CCCN Workshop on "Concepts of the receptive field and beyond",  Stirling University, 7 April, 2000.

Time scale of neural communication. Institute for Adaptive and Neural Computation, Edinburgh University, 14 February, 2000.

*Visual recognition based on temporal cortex cells: Viewer-centred processing of pattern configuration. Dahlem Conference, "Natural organisms, Artificial Organisms and Their Brains", Bielefeld, Germany, 8–12 March, 1998 [Associated paper Perrett and Oram, Z Naturforschung, 1998 PDF 433KB ].

Motion and its role in the visual coding of object parts. Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institutes of Mental Health, N.I.H., Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. 8 April, 1996.

*Processing of form and motion in the temporal cortex. BMV/AVA meeting, British Institute of Radiology, 24 May, 1995.

Binding of form and motion information: A neurophysiological perspective. MRC Cognitive Developement Unit, London, 16 November, 1994.

*Integration of form and motion in the superior temporal polysensory area of the macaque. Neurovision and "KOGNET" lecture series, Bochum, 10 May, 1994.

Object recognition in humans and monkeys: Inspection patterns and coding of parts. Lincoln Laboratories, MIT, Boston, 5 April, 1994.

Computational constraints of binding visual attributes: Evidence form the integration of form and motion in the macaque. Cognitive and Neural Systems Department, Boston University, 4 April, 1994.

Cell properties in area STPa. Behaviour and Neuroscience Dept., Rutgers University, Newark, 15 July, 1993.

Neurophysiology of face processing. Neuropsychology Laboratory, Dept. Veterans Affairs, Yale, 13 July, 1993.

*Responses of anterior superior temporal polysensory (STPa) neurons to "biological motion" stimuli. S.P.I.E. conference on Computational Vision Based on Neurobiology, Asilomar, CA, 6–9 July 1993.

Biological constraints on PDP models of visual processing. Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, University of Stirling 23 October 1992.

Efficiency of visual processing: 8 steps to computing faces. Department of Physiology, Oxford University, 10 July 1992.

Time course of neural responses discriminating different views of the face and head. Cambridge University, Foster & Kenneth Craik Clubs, 27 September 1991.

Talks (*=international meeting)

*Self-terminating, guided or accumulator models of visual search: Evidence from stimulus inversion. Xth European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition, St Andrews, 28-30 June, 2005. [PDF file - 539KB]

Why is attention limited? Implications from neural coding. Scottish Vision Group, 29 July - 1st August, 2002. [PDF File - 1MB ] [Associated paper: Oram et al, Philos Trans R Soc, 2002 PDF File - 227KB ]

*Remembering to forget: Modeling inhibitory and competitive mechanisms in human memory.International Conference on Memory, Valencia, Spain, 16-20 July, 2001 [ PDF File - 1.7MB ] [Associated paper: Oram and MacLeod, Proc Cog Soc, 2001 PDF File - 227KB] .

*Accurately predicting precisely replicating spike patterns in neural responses of monkey striate cortex and LGN. Society of Neurosciences Meeting, Los Angeles, U.S. 7–12 November, 1998. [Associated paper Oram et al. J Neurophysiol 1999 PDF File -535KB ]

*Motion and its role in the visual coding of object parts. National Brain Research Association, Newcastle-on-Tyne, U.K. 24–27 March, 1996.

What's that moving? Neurophysiological evidence for the integration of form and motion. St. Andrews Neuroscience Meetings, 22 February, 1994.

Rapid discrimination shown by STS cells between related images. East of Scotland Vision Group, Kinloch-Rannoch, 26–28 June 1991.

Cells of the STS sensitive to biological motion. East of Scotland Vision Group, Pitlochry, 1991.

Posters (International meetings only)

Latency and processing speed in early visual processing. Society for Neuroscience Meeting, Washington DC, 2005 [PDF - 98KB]

Primate superior temporal sulcus neurons integrate visual and auditory information for biological motions. Society for Neuroscience Meeting, New Orleans, 2003

Why is attention limited? Implications from neural coding. Oram, M.W. Neuroecology and the Visual Brain, Newcastle, 27-29 June, 2002 [ PDF - 151KB ]

From neural codes to cognitive processes (part 1): Predicting human reaction time patterns from macaque neurophysiological data. Payne, K.R., Oram, M.W. & Dritschel, B. Neuroecology and the Visual Brain, Newcastle, 27-29 June, 2002 [ PDF - 325KB ]

The influence of stimulus contrast on response latency and response strength of neurones in the superior temporal sulcus of the macaque monkey. Xiao, D-K, Edwards, R.H., Bowman, E.M. & Oram, M.W. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 2001 [ PDF - 1.3MB ].

Remembering to forget: Modeling inhibitory and competitive mechanisms in human memory. Oram, M.W. & MacLeod, M.D. Cognitive Science Society Meeting, Edinburgh, 1-4 August, 2001. [Associated paper Oram and MacLeod, Proc Cog Soc 2001 PDF - 227KB ]

Precisely timed spike patterns within the TE neuronal responses of a monkey performing a delayed match to sample task are consistent with chance. Oram, M.W., Lui, Z. & Richmond, B.J. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 25: 915 (369.2), 1999.

Variance of spike count in monkey V1 depends on mean spike count but not on stimulus set or eye movements. Richmond, B.J., Wiener, M.C. & Oram, M.W. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 25:1936 (767.27), 1999.

Assessing Information Processing in V1 Neurons across Stimulus Sets. Wiener,M., Oram, M. & Richmond, B. Computational Neuroscience Meeting,  Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 18–22 July, 1999 [Associated paper Wiener et al. J Neurosci, 2001 PDF - 800KB ].

The Random Origin of Precise Timing within Single Spike Trains during Pattern Recognition. Richmond, B., Oram, M. & Wiener, M. Computational Neuroscience Meeting,  Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 18-22 July, 1999. [Associated paper Oram et al. J Neurophysiol, 1999 PDF - 535KB ]

Early visual system neuronal responses: A precise start with an imprecise finish. Oram, M.W., Wiener, M.C., Richmond, B.J. Neural Information Coding Conference, Big Sky, Montana, 3–9 March, 1999. [PDF - 120KB ]

Relationship of response latency and magnitude in the LGN of macaque monkey. Oram, M.W., Gawne, T.J., & Richmond, B.J. Society for Neuroscience Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, 25–29 October, 1997. [ PDF - 410KB ]

Motion and its role in the visual coding of object parts. Oram, M.W., Perrett, D.I., Wachsmuth, E., & Emery, N.J. Cognitive Neuroscience Society Meeting, San Francisco, California, 31March–2 April, 1996.

Shared visual attention in the rhesus monkey. Emery, N.J., Lorincz, E.N., Perrett, D.I., Oram, M.W., & Baker, C.I. Cognitive Neuroscience Society Meeting, San Francisco, California, 31 March–2 April, 1996.

Responses of single units in the anterior superior temporal polysensory area (STPa) of the macaque to objects and their components. Wachsmuth E., M.W. Oram & D.I. Perrett. Cognitive Neuroscience Society Meeting, San Francisco, California, 27–29 March 1994.

Integration of form and motion in the macaque. Oram M.W. & D.I. Perrett. Cognitive Neuroscience Society Meeting, San Francisco, California, 27–29 March 1994.

Responses of anterior superior temporal polysensory (STPa) neurons to 'biological motion' stimuli. Oram M.W. & D.I. Perrett. 16 ^th European Conference on Visual Perception, Edinburgh, 25–29 August 1993.

Integration of form and motion in the anterior superior temporal polysensory area (STPa) of the macaque. Oram M.W. & D.I. Perrett. 32 ^nd International congress of physiological sciences, Glasgow, 1–6 August 1993.

Responses of single units in the anterior superior temporal polysensory area (STPa) of the macaque to objects and their components. Wachsmuth E., M.W. Oram & D.I. Perrett. 32 ^nd International congress of physiological sciences, Glasgow, 1–6 August 1993.

Integration of form and motion in the anterior superior temporal polysensory area (STPa) of the macaque. Oram M.W. & D.I. Perrett. 10 ^th National meeting of the Brain Research Association, St. Andrews, 28–31March 1993.

Responses of single units in the anterior superior temporal polysensory area (STPa) of the macaque to objects and their components. Wachsmuth E., M.W. Oram & D.I. Perrett. 10 ^th National meeting of the Brain Research Association, St. Andrews, 28–31March 1993.

The effects of lighting conditions on responses of cells selective for face views in the macaque temporal cortex. Hietanen J.K., D.I. Perrett, M.W. Oram, P.J. Benson & W.H. Dittrich. "Brain Mechanisms of Perception and Memory: From Neuron to Behaviour" Symposium, Toyama, Japan, 6–11 October 1991.

Time course of the response of neurons in the macaque temporal cortex: Cells responsive to different head views. Oram M.W. & D.I. Perrett. S.E.R.C. Image Interpretation Initiative, Glasgow, 26–27 September 1991.

The effects of lighting conditions on responses of cells selective for face views in the macaque temporal cortex. Hietanen J.K., D.I. Perrett, M.W. Oram, P.J. Benson & W.H. Dittrich. S.E.R.C. Image Interpretation Initiative, Glasgow, 26–27 September 1991.

A visuomotor analysis of pointing and bisection in human subjects. Brechmann M., A.D. Milner & M.W. Oram. E.N.A and E.B.B.S. Meeting, Cambridge, September, 1991.