BEGIN:VCALENDAR
VERSION:2.0
PRODID:-//Arche - ECPv6.17.0//NONSGML v1.0//EN
CALSCALE:GREGORIAN
METHOD:PUBLISH
X-WR-CALNAME:Arche
X-ORIGINAL-URL:https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arche
X-WR-CALDESC:Events for Arche
REFRESH-INTERVAL;VALUE=DURATION:PT1H
X-Robots-Tag:noindex
X-PUBLISHED-TTL:PT1H
BEGIN:VTIMEZONE
TZID:Europe/London
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZOFFSETFROM:+0000
TZOFFSETTO:+0100
TZNAME:BST
DTSTART:20250330T010000
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZOFFSETFROM:+0100
TZOFFSETTO:+0000
TZNAME:GMT
DTSTART:20251026T010000
END:STANDARD
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZOFFSETFROM:+0000
TZOFFSETTO:+0100
TZNAME:BST
DTSTART:20260329T010000
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZOFFSETFROM:+0100
TZOFFSETTO:+0000
TZNAME:GMT
DTSTART:20261025T010000
END:STANDARD
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZOFFSETFROM:+0000
TZOFFSETTO:+0100
TZNAME:BST
DTSTART:20270328T010000
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZOFFSETFROM:+0100
TZOFFSETTO:+0000
TZNAME:GMT
DTSTART:20271031T010000
END:STANDARD
END:VTIMEZONE
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20260413T093000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20260413T110000
DTSTAMP:20260330T131959Z
CREATED:20260330T131958Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260330T131959Z
UID:10019601-1776072600-1776078000@www.st-andrews.ac.uk
SUMMARY:Medieval Logic Seminar: Marsilius of Inghen: Ampliation
DESCRIPTION:
URL:https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arche/event/medieval-logic-seminar-8-2/2026-04-13/
LOCATION:A virtual seminar by Zoom\, The University\, St Andrews\, KY16 9L\, United Kingdom
CATEGORIES:Medieval Logic Research Group
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20260413T130000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20260413T150000
DTSTAMP:20260403T084744Z
CREATED:20260402T132002Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260403T084744Z
UID:10019616-1776085200-1776092400@www.st-andrews.ac.uk
SUMMARY:Unity Seminar [Pre-Read Session]
DESCRIPTION:Pre-Read Session: Correia\, F.\, & Skiles\, A. (2021). Essence\, Modality\, and Identity. Mind\, 131 (524)\, 1279–1302.
URL:https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arche/event/unity-seminar-26-2/
LOCATION:Edgecliffe G03
CATEGORIES:Unity Seminar
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20260413T150000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20260413T170000
DTSTAMP:20260403T154123Z
CREATED:20260403T154123Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260403T154123Z
UID:10019631-1776092400-1776099600@www.st-andrews.ac.uk
SUMMARY:Franz & Soroush: Imaging Maximizes Expected Modal Epistemic Utility
DESCRIPTION:
URL:https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arche/event/wiki-seminar-4-2/
LOCATION:Edgecliffe G03
CATEGORIES:WIKI Seminar
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20260414T160000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20260414T170000
DTSTAMP:20260411T152728Z
CREATED:20260406T101407Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260411T152728Z
UID:10019661-1776182400-1776186000@www.st-andrews.ac.uk
SUMMARY:FPST Seminar - Social
DESCRIPTION:
URL:https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arche/event/fpst-seminar-17-2/
LOCATION:Edgecliffe G03
CATEGORIES:Feminist Philosophy and Social Theory
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20260415T150000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20260415T170000
DTSTAMP:20260406T165510Z
CREATED:20260226T100514Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260406T165510Z
UID:10019676-1776265200-1776272400@www.st-andrews.ac.uk
SUMMARY:Metaphysics & Logic Seminar: Inferentialism Reading Group: Viviane Fairbank Leads a Discussion on Murzi and Steinberger's "Inferentialism"
DESCRIPTION:The Inferentialism Reading group is running over the first three seminars of this semester of M&L. \nOn April 15th\, Viviane Fairbank will be leading a discussion on Julien Murzi & Florian Steinberger’s “Inferentialism“. \nOn April 22nd\, Harry Vincent will be leading a discussion Ladislav Koreň’s “Propositional Contents and the Logical Space“. \nOn April 29th\, Greg Restall will be leading a discussion Hans-Johann Glock’s “Why Rules Ought to Matter“. \nThese sessions will be run as ‘pre-read’ discussions\, and participants will be expected to have read the paper ahead of the seminar. \nInferentialism \nBy Murzi\, J. and Steinberger\, F. (2017). Inferentialism. In A Companion to the Philosophy of Language (eds B. Hale\, C. Wright and A. Miller). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118972090.ch9 \nThis chapter introduces inferential role semantics (IRS) and some of the challenges it faces. It also introduces inferentialism and places it into the wider context of contemporary philosophy of language. The chapter focuses on what is standardly considered both the most important test case for and the most natural application of IRS: logical inferentialism\, the view that the meanings of the logical expressions are fully determined by the basic rules for their correct use\, and that to understand a logical expression is to use it in accordance with the appropriate rules. It discusses some of the benefits of logical inferentialism\, chiefly with regard to the epistemology of logic\, and considers a number of objections. The chapter critically examines Robert Brandom’s inferentialism about linguistic and conceptual content in general. Finally\, it considers a number of general objections to IRS and possible responses on the inferentialist’s behalf.
URL:https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arche/event/metaphysics-logic-seminar-2/
LOCATION:Edgecliffe G03
CATEGORIES:Metaphysics and Logic group
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20260416T130000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20260416T143000
DTSTAMP:20260414T155052Z
CREATED:20260414T154923Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260414T155052Z
UID:10019695-1776344400-1776349800@www.st-andrews.ac.uk
SUMMARY:ECT Seminar: PhD FLASH SEMINAR: Zacharova\, Ferrie\, Kruger\, Fairbank
DESCRIPTION:
URL:https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arche/event/ect-seminar-8/
LOCATION:Edgecliffe G03
CATEGORIES:Epistemology Seminar
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20260420T093000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20260420T110000
DTSTAMP:20260330T131959Z
CREATED:20260330T131958Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260330T131959Z
UID:10019602-1776677400-1776682800@www.st-andrews.ac.uk
SUMMARY:Medieval Logic Seminar: Marsilius of Inghen: Ampliation
DESCRIPTION:
URL:https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arche/event/medieval-logic-seminar-8-2/2026-04-20/
LOCATION:A virtual seminar by Zoom\, The University\, St Andrews\, KY16 9L\, United Kingdom
CATEGORIES:Medieval Logic Research Group
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20260420T130000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20260420T150000
DTSTAMP:20260403T084823Z
CREATED:20260402T132048Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260403T084823Z
UID:10019617-1776690000-1776697200@www.st-andrews.ac.uk
SUMMARY:Unity Seminar [Talk: Correia]
DESCRIPTION:Invited Speaker: Correia (in-person) “From Identity to Metaphysical Necessity: A Logical Study” \nABSTRACT: In “Essence\, Modality\, and Identity” (2022)\, Alex Skiles and I put forward an account of metaphysical necessity in terms of identity. In this talk\, I address the question of which logic of metaphysical necessity one can hope to get given the account.
URL:https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arche/event/unity-seminar-26-3/
LOCATION:Edgecliffe G03
CATEGORIES:Unity Seminar
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20260420T150000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20260420T170000
DTSTAMP:20260403T154443Z
CREATED:20260403T154443Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260403T154443Z
UID:10019632-1776697200-1776704400@www.st-andrews.ac.uk
SUMMARY:Reading session (Petronella): Williamson\, Knowing by Imagining
DESCRIPTION:Link: Williamson\, Knowing by Imagining
URL:https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arche/event/wiki-seminar-4-3/
LOCATION:Edgecliffe G03
CATEGORIES:WIKI Seminar
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20260421T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20260421T130000
DTSTAMP:20260325T142433Z
CREATED:20260219T100730Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260325T142433Z
UID:10019710-1776771000-1776776400@www.st-andrews.ac.uk
SUMMARY:Philosophy of Language Seminar
DESCRIPTION:
URL:https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arche/event/language-mind-seminar/2026-04-21/
LOCATION:Edgecliffe G03
CATEGORIES:Philosophy of Language
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20260421T150000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20260421T170000
DTSTAMP:20260406T101445Z
CREATED:20260406T101445Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260406T101445Z
UID:10019662-1776783600-1776790800@www.st-andrews.ac.uk
SUMMARY:FPST Seminar - Dohra Ahmad (Online)
DESCRIPTION:
URL:https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arche/event/fpst-seminar-17-3/
LOCATION:Edgecliffe G03
CATEGORIES:Feminist Philosophy and Social Theory
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20260422T160000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20260422T180000
DTSTAMP:20260406T165449Z
CREATED:20260331T094821Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260406T165449Z
UID:10019677-1776873600-1776880800@www.st-andrews.ac.uk
SUMMARY:Metaphysics & Logic Seminar: Inferentialism Reading Group: Harry Vincent Leads a Discussion on Ladislav Koreň's "Propositional Contents and the Logical Space".
DESCRIPTION:The Inferentialism Reading group is running over the first three seminars of this semester of M&L. \nOn April 22nd\, Harry Vincent will be leading a discussion Ladislav Koreň’s “Propositional Contents and the Logical Space“. \nOn April 29th\, Greg Restall will be leading a discussion Hans-Johann Glock’s “Why Rules Ought to Matter“. \nThese sessions will be run as ‘pre-read’ discussions\, and participants will be expected to have read the paper ahead of the seminar. \nPropositional Contents and the Logical Space \nBy Koreň\, L. (2018). Propositional Contents and the Logical Space. In From Rules to Meanings (eds O. Beran\, V. Kolman\, and L. Koreň). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315103587-10 \nRobert Brandom’s formulation of the inferentialist doctrine advances a number of bold claims. One of them is that logical vocabulary has a distinctive expressive role to play in linguistic practice. It serves to make explicit\, in the content of claims\, material-inferential proprieties implicitly governing use of nonlogical expressions within discursive practices of making\, challenging\, and justifying claims. This chapter elaborates a challenge to this account of logic and its relation to prelogical discourse. It starts by situating it in a wider context of Brandom’s inferentialism. The chapter turns to Jaroslav Peregrin’s development of the inferentialist approach\, which contains a line of reasoning that flirts with an alternative conception of logic. Expressive role of logical vocabulary presupposes the intelligibility of a discursive practice having the pragmatic structure of practices of giving and asking for reasons whose participants are capable of expressing and endorsing inferentially articulated contents in claims made by means of nonlogical sentences. \n 
URL:https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arche/event/metaphysics-logic-seminar-3/
LOCATION:Edgecliffe G03
CATEGORIES:Metaphysics and Logic group
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20260423T130000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20260423T143000
DTSTAMP:20260414T155259Z
CREATED:20260414T155227Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260414T155259Z
UID:10019696-1776949200-1776954600@www.st-andrews.ac.uk
SUMMARY:ECT Seminar: PhD FLASH SEMINAR II: Scheibli\, Maassen\, Xu
DESCRIPTION:
URL:https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arche/event/ect-seminar-9/
LOCATION:Edgecliffe G03
CATEGORIES:Epistemology Seminar
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20260427T093000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20260427T110000
DTSTAMP:20260330T131959Z
CREATED:20260330T131958Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260330T131959Z
UID:10019603-1777282200-1777287600@www.st-andrews.ac.uk
SUMMARY:Medieval Logic Seminar: Marsilius of Inghen: Ampliation
DESCRIPTION:
URL:https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arche/event/medieval-logic-seminar-8-2/2026-04-27/
LOCATION:A virtual seminar by Zoom\, The University\, St Andrews\, KY16 9L\, United Kingdom
CATEGORIES:Medieval Logic Research Group
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20260427T130000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20260427T150000
DTSTAMP:20260423T091820Z
CREATED:20260402T132110Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260423T091820Z
UID:10019618-1777294800-1777302000@www.st-andrews.ac.uk
SUMMARY:Unity Seminar [WIP] Henrique Formigoni Morais "Is mereology logic?"
DESCRIPTION:WIP Session: Henrique Formigoni Morais. \nTitle: Is mereology logic? \nAbstract: Some philosophers have suggested that mereology is\, in some sense\, part of logic broadly understood. The aim of this talk is to briefly examine this idea\, both in meaning and tenability. I distinguish a number of “mereologicist” hypotheses and how they might be related. I argue that some of them have consequences for the debate on the “ontological innocence” of mereology. Finally\, I briefly remark on their relation to criteria of logicality in terms of transformation-invariance.
URL:https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arche/event/unity-seminar-26-4/
LOCATION:Edgecliffe G03
CATEGORIES:Unity Seminar
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20260427T150000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20260427T170000
DTSTAMP:20260403T154541Z
CREATED:20260403T154541Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260403T154541Z
UID:10019633-1777302000-1777309200@www.st-andrews.ac.uk
SUMMARY:Reading session (Franz): Badura\, How Imagination can justify
DESCRIPTION:Link: Badura\, How Imagination can justify
URL:https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arche/event/wiki-seminar-4-4/
LOCATION:Edgecliffe G03
CATEGORIES:WIKI Seminar
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20260428T113000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20260428T130000
DTSTAMP:20260325T142433Z
CREATED:20260219T100730Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260325T142433Z
UID:10019711-1777375800-1777381200@www.st-andrews.ac.uk
SUMMARY:Philosophy of Language Seminar
DESCRIPTION:
URL:https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arche/event/language-mind-seminar/2026-04-28/
LOCATION:Edgecliffe G03
CATEGORIES:Philosophy of Language
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20260428T150000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20260428T170000
DTSTAMP:20260406T101512Z
CREATED:20260406T101511Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260406T101512Z
UID:10019663-1777388400-1777395600@www.st-andrews.ac.uk
SUMMARY:FPST Seminar - Reading group
DESCRIPTION:
URL:https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arche/event/fpst-seminar-17-4/
LOCATION:Edgecliffe G03
CATEGORIES:Feminist Philosophy and Social Theory
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20260429T150000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20260429T170000
DTSTAMP:20260406T165556Z
CREATED:20260406T165523Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260406T165556Z
UID:10019678-1777474800-1777482000@www.st-andrews.ac.uk
SUMMARY:Metaphysics & Logic Seminar: Inferentialism Reading Group: Greg Restall Leads a Discussion on Hans-Johann Glock's "Why Rules Ought to Matter"
DESCRIPTION:The Inferentialism Reading group is running over the first three seminars of this semester of M&L. \nOn April 29th\, Greg Restall will be leading a discussion Hans-Johann Glock’s “Why Rules Ought to Matter“. \nThese sessions will be run as ‘pre-read’ discussions\, and participants will be expected to have read the paper ahead of the seminar. \nWhy Rules Ought to Matter \nBy Glock\, H. -J. (2018). Propositional Contents and the Logical Space. In From Rules to Meanings (eds O. Beran\, V. Kolman\, and L. Koreň). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315103587-10 \nThe inferentialism of Brandom and Peregrin explains the notion of linguistic meaning by reference to rules governing communication. This chapter pursues the same idea\, but draws directly on Wittgenstein rather than contemporary inferentialism. It defends the idea that the meaning of an expression is constituted by the rules for its correct use. The chapter assuages the qualm that linguistic meaning is ultimately a notion that would be better off without and addresses arguments against the idea that meaning has an essential normative dimension. It distinguishes those linguistic rules that are constitutive of meaning from others and spells out the idea of correct use in a way that is not unilluminatingly circular. Wittgenstein’s strategy for clarifying meaning also appeals to how competent speakers understand an expression. The desideratum of identifying the semantically relevant features of use and the desideratum of pinpointing the normative dimension of meaning seem to stand in a potentially fatal tension. \n 
URL:https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arche/event/metaphysics-logic-seminar-4/
LOCATION:Edgecliffe G03
CATEGORIES:Metaphysics and Logic group
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20260430
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20260502
DTSTAMP:20260414T155645Z
CREATED:20260414T155331Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260414T155645Z
UID:10019697-1777539600-1777625999@www.st-andrews.ac.uk
SUMMARY:ECT workshop: Online Communication and Political Epistemology
DESCRIPTION:Co-organised by Brown\, Goldberg and Saul. \nSpeakers: Cepollaro\, Marsili\, Peet\, Popa-Wyatt\, Zakkou. \nFurther details from the arche website.
URL:https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arche/event/ect-seminar-10/
LOCATION:Edgecliffe G03
CATEGORIES:Epistemology Seminar,Workshops
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20260430T090000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20260430T173000
DTSTAMP:20260508T103448Z
CREATED:20251201T142635Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260508T103448Z
UID:10019533-1777539600-1777570200@www.st-andrews.ac.uk
SUMMARY:ECT Spring Workshop - Online communication and political epistemology
DESCRIPTION:April 30th\,  Arche Philosophical Research Centre\, St Andrews University. Venue School II. \nOrganiser: Jessica Brown \nThere is a widespread consensus that the online spread of disinformation\, misinformation\, and hatred have had dramatic and pernicious effects on politics worldwide.  It has arguably contributed in particular to the rise of authoritarian movements and governments\, and to the false beliefs and hatreds that sustain them.  This workshop aims to bring together experts in political philosophy of language and political epistemology to understand the mechanisms at work in our online information and communication ecosystems. \nTalk Timetable: \n09.30-10.45. Zakkou. Defeat as Defense. A Novel Account of Figleaves \n11-1215. Peet. Some Problems in the Ethics of Interpretation \n1215-1315 Lunch (Served in UCO 36\, Spanish seminar room) \n1315-1430. Marsili. The costs and benefits of hiding: anonymous testimony in online spaces. \n1440-1555. Popa-Wyatt. Platform speech should be libertas not gratis \n1555-1615 tea break (Served in UCO 36\, Spanish seminar room) \n1615-1730 Cepollaro. Studying Toxic Speech and Counterspeech On Social Media – Let’s Brainstorm! \n1800 Speaker Dinner \nOpen to philosophy faculty and graduate students outside St Andrews/Stirling by request. Please contact the organiser Jessica Brown in St Andrews. \nAbstracts \nCeppollaro. “Studying Toxic Speech and Counterspeech On Social Media – Let’s Brainstorm!” \nAbstract: In this workshop\, I will present a pilot study (2021) conducted in collaboration with computer scientists\, in which we collected\, annotated\, and analyzed a corpus of Twitter pairs of toxic speech and counterspeech\, focusing on different axes of discrimination such as sexism\, racism\, and homophobia. I will outline the annotation guidelines we used and invite participants to discuss how these might be improved for future studies. This will be interactive: together\, we will reflect on how to refine our annotation practices and\, more broadly\, how to shape our research questions in light of the philosophical issues addressed in the workshop. \nMarsili. The costs and benefits of hiding: anonymous testimony in online spaces\nAnonymous testimony is often taken to be epistemically weaker than ordinary testimony\, givent that it (i) obscures the speaker’s track record and (ii) lowers reputational costs for dishonesty. Pseudonymity appears to fall in between. To test whether this “IPA hierarchy” (identified > pseudonymous > anonymous) is reflected in folk intuitions about source credibility\, we conducted a preregistered experiment (N = 1\,241). Participants preferred more identifiable sources across contexts\, supporting the hypothesised hyerarchy. The findings provide empirical data points for theorising about testimony\, trust\, and persuasion in online environrments\, and have implications for current debates over the regulation of anonymity in digital spaces. \nPeet.  Some Problems in the Ethics of Interpretation \nAbstract: We have an expectation that others at least attempt to interpret us correctly\, and we naturally feel indignation and resentment when we feel that they are making no attempt to do so. This is illustrated particularly clearly by considering the form of performative misinterpretation many of us are familiar with from cross political discourse on online platforms such as twitter.  Consideration of such cases lends itself to the thought that we somehow wrong others when we make no attempt to interpret them correctly. But why would this be? The answer we give will depend on how we conceive of interpretation. I start by considering some answers we might give from within the ‘interrogative’ view of interpretation – the view of interpretation that naturally falls out of the ‘Lockean’ model of communication. These answers derive from work on epistemic injustice\, doxastic wrongdoing\, and respect. These answers all seem to get something right – but none of them are wholly satisfactory. I then consider the question from within an alternative ‘sense-making’ view of interpretation and suggest that by failing to engage in responsible interpretation we both disrespect and alienate the speaker. \nPopa-Wyatt. Platform speech should be libertas not gratis \nThe question I want to focus on is: who is the legally responsible actor for online hate speech? Is a hateful utterance the responsibility of the individual user who made it? Or does the platform have the responsibilities of a publisher? What system of regulation should govern social media? \nThe primary responsibility is that of the users. However\, wrongful harms of individuals wouldn’t be as impactful offline as they are online\, given the amplifying effect of social media algorithms. This makes social media companies morally complicit to the harmful content of their users. Therefore\, they should have a moral duty to minimize their complicity. Currently\, social media companies discharge their duty to avoid complicity through self-regulation. Platforms set up content rules concerning incitement as part of content moderation. However\, human content moderation is costly and automated moderation is far from being reliable. \nUsers also tend to use code words or turns of phrase\, creating a safe lexicon that will avoid getting their posts removed\, or down-ranked by content moderation systems. Platforms have also implemented approved risk assessments to reduce illegal content and to reduce lawful but harmful content. However\, self-audit remains company specific. They are also required to conduct “upload filtering”\, whereby all user content is scanned for its (company-assessed) legality before it hits the internet. This enables platforms to engage in a form of “prior restraint” of illicit speech. \nToday social media companies have legal duties to remove harmful content from their platforms. Enforcement by companies and regulators is patchy – leading to concerns that filtering all online speech is too burdensome to be practical. Various countries have laws holding the individual responsible. However\, enforcement at scale is challenging\, particularly if a criminal offence has to be prosecuted. \nZakkou Defeat as Defense. A Novel Account of Figleaves\nSuppose someone makes a racist or sexist remark but prefaces it with “I’m not a racist/sexist\, but…” or later dismisses it as “locker room talk.” These rhetorical maneuvers are now commonly known as figleaves: rhetorical devices that obscure otherwise apparent norm violations. Figleaves can be dangerous. It is therefore important to find effective strategies to counter them. In this paper\, we propose a new account of figleaves that lays the groundwork for such strategies. On our account\, figleaves defeat evidence for norm violations\, while this defeating effect would be canceled if the audience were to properly process the evidence already available to them.
URL:https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arche/event/ect-spring-workshop/
LOCATION:School II\, United College\, St Salvators Quad\, St Andrews\, KY169AL\, United Kingdom
CATEGORIES:Workshops
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/arche/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/roy_inove-working-6860520_1920.jpg
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR